How does international law differ from domestic law?

International law and domestic law are distinct legal systems with differences in scope, application, and enforcement.

International law governs relations between sovereign states and international entities. It encompasses treaties, conventions, and customary practices agreed upon by countries. International law lacks a centralized legislative body or a global judiciary, relying on the consent of states for enforcement. Disputes are often resolved through diplomacy, international tribunals, or the International Court of Justice.

In contrast, domestic law pertains to the legal systems within individual countries. It is enacted and enforced by national governments, typically through statutes, regulations, and judicial decisions. Domestic legal systems have centralized authorities, legislatures, and courts to create, interpret, and enforce laws. Violations of domestic laws are adjudicated within the legal framework of the respective country.

The key distinction lies in their focus: international law governs interactions between sovereign entities, while domestic law regulates the conduct of individuals and entities within a specific nation. Additionally, international law lacks a centralized enforcement mechanism, relying on state compliance and international cooperation. Domestic law, on the other hand, is directly enforced by the government through its legal institutions within the borders of a sovereign state.